动词时态语态的一些典型用法难点突破

2023-04-07/ 潜山信息港/ 查看: 214/ 评论: 10

摘要动词时态语态的一些典型用法难点突破1．be+动词不定式（1）表示按计划或安排要做的事。例如：Whenareyoutoleavefortw

动词时态语态的一些典型用法难点突破
1．be +动词不定式
（1）表示按计划或安排要做的事。例如：
When are you to leave for two days to New York ? 你什么时候去纽约？
She is to get married next month. 她下个月结婚。
★ 这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth. 表示曾经计划要做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示“命运（即使中注定要发生的事）”，而非计划；was / were to have done sth. 表示未曾实现的计划。例如：
I felt excited because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
我感到很激动，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。
We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。
（2）表示“指令”，相当于should, ought to, must, have to。例如：
This medicine is to be taken three times a day. 这种药一天要服三次。
The books in this room are not to be taken outside. (The books in this room mustn’t be taken outside.)

这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。

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（3）表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want。例如：
If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go n ow. 如果我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。
（4）用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。例如：
Am I to go on with the work ? 要我继续这项工作吗？
（5）在与be 连用的结构中，see, find, congratulate 的不定式被动式有特殊的用法。例如：
The news is to be found in the evening paper. 这条消息可以在晚报上见到。
2．瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。
× He has come to Beijing since last year.
√ He has lived in Beijing since last year.
× He has joined the army for 3 years. [来源:学_科_网]
√ He has served in the a rmy for 3 years.
√ He joined the army 3 years ago.
√ He has been a soldier for 3 years.
常见的瞬间动词有：come, go, get to / reach / arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join /take part in, begin /start, return / give, borrow / lend, become / turn, bring /take, give, die, finish /end, receive /hear from, marry, break, lose, jump 等。

If you're like most kids，you've probably heard at least one parent say，“Don't forget to take your vitamin(维生素)！”“Eat your salad－it's packed with vitamins！”But what exactly are vitamins?
Vitamins and minerals are found in foods we eat.Your body needs them to work properly so you grow and develop just like you should.When it comes to vitamins，each one has a special role to play.For example，Vitamin D in milk and fish helps your bones.It's also great for forming strong teeth.Vitamin A in orange fruits and vegetables，liver and milk helps you see at night.Vitamin C in oranges and some green vegetables helps your body heal if you get a cut.Vitamin E in nuts，seeds，whole grains and leafy vegetables protects your lungs from becoming damaged by polluted air.B vitamins in green leafy vegetables help your body make energy.
When you eat foods that contain fat－soluble(脂溶性的)vitamins，the vitamins are stored in the fat tissues in your body and in your liver.They wait around in your body fat until your body needs them.
Fat－soluble vitamins are happy to stay stored in your body for a while－some stay for a few days，some for up to 6 months！Then，when it's time for them to be used，special carriers in your body take them to where they're needed.Vitamins A，D，E，and K are all fat－soluble vitamins.
Water－soluble vitamins are different.When you eat foods that have water－soluble vitamins，the vitamins don't get stored as much in your body.Instead，they travel through your bloodstream.Whatever your body doesn't use comes out of your body.So these kinds of vitamins need to be replaced often because they don't stick around！This crowd of vitamins includes Vitamin C and the big group of B vitamins－B1，B2，B6，B12 and so on.
47.The first paragraph of the passage is used to ________．
A．tell us the special use of salad B．lead to the topic of the passage
C．advise kids to take more vitamins D．show readers the value of vitamins
48.If a man suffers from night blindness，he'd better take more ________．
A．Vitamin D B．Vitamin A C．Vitamin E D．Vitamin C
49.What do Vitamin C and B vitamins have in common?
A．They all can only be found in vegetables. B．They are all good for our lungs.
C．They are all water－soluble vitamins. D．They are all hard for us to take in.